Model Question and Answers for APSC | What are the main socio-economic implications arising out of the development of IT industries in major cities of India? (UPSC Mains-2021 GS-1)

Ans : Information Technology in India is a vast industry which comprises information technology services, consulting, and outsourcing. The IT industry accounted for 8% of India's GDP in 2020. The IT industries in India are concentrated in the major metropolitan cities of India such as Bengaluru, Mumbai, Chennai etc
Socio-economic implications arising out of the development of IT industries in major cities of India
Social:
1. Migration to IT cities from all over the India leading to formation of cosmopolitan culture
2. More job opportunities, specially for women in IT sector
3. Working families in IT sector leading to boom for Domestic Help jobs
4. The concentration of IT industries in major cities have also seen cultural changes. A marked shift towards accepting western language, rise in nuclear families, shift in food choices and modes of recreation could be seen. For example, café culture of Bangalore. 
5. The late-night work culture, rise in affluence have parallelly enhanced the security challenges for the citizens and administration alike with incidents of thefts, eve-teasing etc. on a rise. 
Economic:
1. IT industry led start-ups and Gig economy boosted number of jobs available particularly for Women for example Urban Company
2. Remittances sent by IT cities to home states like UP Bihar is driving consumption there
3. It is also huge source of Forex earnings for India
4. As the IT–BPM sector evolves, many are concerned that artificial intelligence (AI) will drive significant automation and destroy jobs in the coming years.