Model Question and Answers for APSC | What are biodiversity hotspots and what is their importance? Mention some biodiversity hotspots in India and explain measures to be taken to conserve them. (APSC Mains 2020 GS- III)

Ans : A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region that has a significant pool of biodiversity, but at the same time, it is also threatened with destruction.
There are two criteria for a region to qualify as a hotspot:
1. Species richness and Endemism: The region must contain at least 1500 vascular plants as endemic and rare species.
2. Threatened: It should contain 30% (or less) of its original natural vegetation.
Importance of biodiversity hotspots:
1. Preservation: They provide an ecoregion for the preservation and conservation of many endemic species.
2. Development: They help in developing a healthy ecosystem.
3. Natural resources: These hotspots are helpful in the conservation of natural resources.
4. Pollution control: These regions help in controlling pollution.
5. Habitat: The biodiversity hotspots are habitats for many species.

6. Food: They provide food sources for many species and humankind.
7. Medicinal resources: They are a good source of medicines and pharmaceutical drugs.
Biodiversity hotspots in India
India is a geographically diverse country, and it is rich in biodiversity. 4 out of 36 global hotspots are in India.
1. The Himalayas
2. Indo Burma Region
3. The Western Ghats
4. Sundaland
Measures to be taken to conserve Biodiversity hotspots in India
1. It is necessary to identify biodiversity hotspots where these endangered species can be conserved and protected;
2. Declare most core part as protected areas
3. Involve local communities in conservation
4. Strict regulation of diversion of forests in these areas to non forestry purpose
5. Strict action on wildlife poaching and illegal tree cutting
6. Targeted conservation of flagship flora and fauna