Ethics model questions (4)

Q5. What factors affect the formation of a person’s attitude towards social problems? In our society, contrasting attitudes are prevalent about many social problems. What contrasting attitudes do you notice about the caste system in our society? How do you explain the existence of these contrasting attitudes? (150 Words) (10 M)

Ans: There are many factors that can affect the formation of a person's attitude towards social problems. These can include personal experiences, cultural and social norms, media portrayals, education and upbringing, peer group influence, and political ideology. All of these factors can shape a person's beliefs, values, and attitudes towards various social issues.

In the case of the caste system in society, there are certainly contrasting attitudes. On the one hand, there are those who believe that the caste system is a deeply ingrained and oppressive social structure that should be abolished. They argue that the caste system perpetuates inequality and discrimination, and that it prevents people from achieving their full potential regardless of their abilities.

On the other hand, there are those who view the caste system as a necessary and even desirable social structure. They argue that the caste system provides order and stability, and that it allows people to specialize in certain tasks and roles based on their innate abilities. They may also believe that the caste system is rooted in tradition and should be preserved as part of their cultural heritage.

The existence of these contrasting attitudes can be explained by a variety of factors. Historical and cultural factors, such as India's long history with the caste system, have contributed to the deep-seated beliefs and attitudes of many people. Social and economic factors, such as poverty and limited access to education, can also shape attitudes towards the caste system. Political and ideological factors, such as the influence of nationalist or religious movements, can also play a role.

In general, attitudes towards social problems are complex and multifaceted, and are shaped by a variety of factors. Understanding these factors can help us to better understand why people hold the attitudes they do, and can inform efforts to promote positive change and address social issues.

Q6. What does ‘accountability’ mean in the context of public service ? What measures can be adopted to ensure individual and collective accountability of public servants? (150 Words) (10 M)

Ans: In the context of public service, accountability refers to the responsibility of public servants to be answerable for their actions and decisions, both to the public they serve and to the authorities that oversee their work. Public servants are accountable for their use of public resources, their adherence to laws and regulations, and their responsiveness to the needs and concerns of the public.

To ensure individual and collective accountability of public servants, there are several measures that can be adopted:

• Establish Clear Standards And Expectations: Public servants should be given clear guidance and expectations regarding their roles and responsibilities, as well as the standards of conduct and performance that are expected of them.

• Provide Training And Support: Public servants should receive ongoing training and support to help them understand their roles and responsibilities, as well as to develop the skills and knowledge they need to perform their jobs effectively.

• Implement Monitoring And Reporting Mechanisms: Mechanisms should be put in place to monitor the actions and decisions of public servants, and to provide channels for the public to report any concerns or complaints.

• Conduct Regular Performance Evaluations: Regular evaluations can help to identify areas where public servants may need additional support or training, and can help to identify any patterns of behavior or performance issues that may need to be addressed.

• Establish Consequences For Noncompliance: Consequences should be established for public servants who fail to adhere to the standards and expectations that have been established, including disciplinary action or termination if necessary.

• Foster A Culture Of Accountability: Public servants should be encouraged to take ownership of their work and to prioritize transparency, ethics, and accountability in their decision-making processes.

By adopting these measures, public service organizations can promote individual and collective accountability among public servants, which can help to improve performance, build public trust, and promote good governance.