Daily Current Affairs (MCQ's) | 11-07-2022

Q1. Which of the following country adopted a pacifist constitution after world war II?

1. Japan
2. China
3. North Korea
4. South Korea

Answer (a)

Explanation:

Abe leaves behind a formidable legacy

The former PM’s vision was focused on reaffirming Japan’s place in the world. He revitalised the economy, fought hard to reverse the nation’s pacifist stance and gave the world the construct of the Indo-Pacific

Memorable initiatives:

• While its record was ultimately mixed, Abenomics undoubtedly chipped away at the pessimism about Japan’s economic prospects.
• Abe also fought pitched domestic battles to reverse Japan’s post-World War II pacifism. Faced with a rising China and a trigger-happy North Korea, Abe spent much of his tenure in office trying to work his way around his country’s pacifist constitution and leave Japan in a stronger strategic position than the one he found it in.

• In his first term as PM, he threw Japan’s weight behind the idea of a novel geopolitical concept: The Indo-Pacific.
• Even after an initial Quad meeting in 2007 failed to take off, Abe pushed relentlessly for closer ties with the US, Australia, and India. When China’s rise gave the grouping a new lease on life, Abe supplied Quad with its mission statement: Securing a “Free and Open Indo-Pacific”.
• Abe also led Asia at a time when Washington had seemingly turned its back on engaging with the world. After the Trump administration walked out of the 14-nation trade deal, the Trans-Pacific Partnership, Japan defied the odds and kept the agreement alive.

  

Q2.    In shreya Singhal case the Suprme court declared unconstitutional the

1. Section 69A of the Information Technology Act (IT Act)
2. Section 66A of the Information Technology Act (IT Act)
3. Section 124A of IPC
4. Section 79 of the Information Technology Act (IT Act)

Answer (b)

Explanation:

Q3. Green Hydrogen based energy can ensure

1. Round-the-clock (RTC) green power
2. More electricity per unit time
3. Lower the cost of power
4. Decarbinization of various sectors

Select the correct answer from the codes given below

1. 2, 3 and 4
2. 2 and 4
3. 1, 3 and 4
4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer (d)

Explanation:

Hydrogen finds its place in India’s green power play

• Round-the-clock power fuelled solely by renewable energy may be close at hand, with the government planning pilot projects to operate solar and wind power bundled with power generated through the green hydrogen-backed gas turbine.

• The power ministry is expected to assign state-run NTPC Ltd and Coal India Ltd to run the pilots, two officials familiar with the matter said.
• Since electricity from solar and wind power plants is intermittent, they need backing from a more stable power source, such as battery storage or thermal power for uninterrupted supply.
• Existing round-the-clock (RTC) green power projects in India are largely bundled with thermal power. The planned pilots will be cleaner than the previous RTC projects as thermal power will be replaced by power from green hydrogen- backed gas turbines.
• With power from hydrogen-based gas turbines, power plants could ensure a higher power load factor, which means more electricity at a given time compared to conventional energy sources.
• Using green hydrogen would also lower the cost of power and, eventually, tariffs.

Q4. Which of the Following are members of National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)?

1. Chairperson of National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST)
2. Chairperson of National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC)
3. Chairperson of National Commission for the Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR)
4. Chief Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities

Choose the correct alternative from those given below

1. 1, 2, 3, 4
2. 1 and 2 only
3. 1, 2, and 3
4. 1, 2, and 4

Answer (a)

Explanation:

President gave assent to the Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2019 in order to make NHRC more inclusive and efficient in its functioning.

1. The amendment provides that a person who has been Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, or a Judge of the Supreme Court will be the chairperson of the NHRC.
2. The amendment allows three members to be appointed, of which at least one will be a woman.
3. The amendment provides for including the chairpersons of the National Commission for Backward Classes, the National Commission for the Protection of Child Rights, and the Chief Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities as members of the NHRC. Earlier only chairpersons of NCSC, NCST and NCW were ex officio members of NHRC.
4. The amendment act provides that a person who has been Chief Justice or Judge of the High Court will be chairperson of the SHRC.
5. The Bill reduces the term of office to three years or till the age of seventy years, whichever is earlier. The Bill removes the five-year limit for reappointment.

Q5. National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is

1. A Constitutional body
2. Established according to United nations Paris Principles
3. National human rights commission is accredited by United nations based on the Paris principles

Which of the above are correct?

1. 1 and 3 only
2. 2 only
3. 2 and 3 only
4. 1, 2, and 3

Answer (b)

Explanation:

The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India is a Statutory public body constituted on 12 October 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Ordinance of 28 September 1993.[1] It was given a statutory basis by the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (TPHRA)

The United Nations Paris Principles provide the international benchmarks against which national human rights institutions (NHRIs) can be accredited by the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions (GANHRI).

Adopted in 1993 by the United Nations General Assembly, the Paris Principles require NHRIs to:

1. Protect human rights, including by receiving, investigating and resolving complaints, mediating conflicts and monitoring activities; and
2. Promote human rights, through education, outreach, media, publications, training and capacity building, as well as advising and assisting the Government.

The Paris Principles set out six main criteria that NHRIs required to meet:

Mandate and competence: a broad mandate, based on universal human rights norms and standards;

Autonomy from Government;

Independence guaranteed by statute or Constitution; Pluralism;

Adequate resources; and Adequate

powers of investigation.

Q6. Article 39A directs state to provide free legal aid to deserving people. Which of the following are correct about Free Legal Aid?

1. It aims to promote justice on the basis of equal opportunity.
2. Concept of free legal aid draws its substance from rule of Natural Justice.
3. It is a fundamental right under article 21.

Choose the correct alternative from below

1. 1 and 2
2. 1, 2, and 3
3. 1 only
4. 1 and 3 only

Answer (b)

Explanation:

In India the rule of law is regarded as a part of the basic structure of the Constitution and also of natural justice. The rule of natural justice says that individuals should not penalized by decisions affecting their rights or legitimate expectations unless they have been given prior notice of the cases against them, a fair opportunity to answer them, and the opportunity to present their own cases.

The preamble of the Constitution secures to its citizen, social, economic and political justice. Article 14 of the Constitution makes it clear that the State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India. The aim of Article 14 is to ensure equal justice. The guarantee of equal justice is meaningless if the poor or illiterate or weak persons cannot enforce their rights because of their poverty or illiteracy or weakness

Article 39-A directs the State to ensure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice on a basis of equal opportunity and shall, in particular, provide free legal aid by suitable legislation or schemes or in any other way, to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities.

Right to free legal aid or free legal service is an essential fundamental right guaranteed by the Constitution. It forms the basis of reasonable, fair and just liberty under Article 21 of the Constitution of India, which says, “No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law”.

In State of Maharashtra v. Manubhai Pragaji Vashi, The Supreme Court has made it quite clear that it is now well established that the failure to provide free legal aid to an accused at the cost of the State unless refused by the accused, would vitiate the trial. In M.H Hoskot v. State Of Maharashtra, Justice KrishnaIyer observed that providing free legal aid is the State's duty and not Government's charity. (Source PIB)

In the case of Hussainara khatoon vs. State of Bihar, it was held that if any accused is not able to afford legal services then he has a right to free legal aid at the cost of the state. It is the duty of the State to see that the legal system promotes justice on the basis of equal opportunity for all its citizens. It must therefore arrange to provide free legal aid to those who cannot access justice due to economic and other disabilities.

Also in the case of Khatri II v/s. State of Bihar, (1981) 1SCC; 1981 honorable court said that the Constitutional duty to provide legal aid arises from the time the accused was produced before the Magistrate for the first time and continues whenever he is produced for remand.